Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD treatment often combines behavioral strategies and medication, tailored by age and severity.

1. Behavioral Therapy

Parent Training in Behavior Management: First-line for children under 6; teaches parents reinforcement and structure techniques. [cdc.gov]
Classroom Interventions: Structured routines, positive reinforcement, and environmental adjustments. [cdc.gov]

2. Psychological Therapies

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps older children and adults manage negative thought patterns, procrastination, and emotional regulation. [add.org]
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy & Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Improve focus and emotional control. [verywellmind.com]
ADHD Coaching: Builds organizational and time-management skills. [add.org]

3. Pharmacological

Stimulants: Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) and Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) are first-line treatments. [psychologytoday.com]
Non-Stimulants: Atomoxetine or certain antidepressants for those who cannot tolerate stimulants. [mayoclinic.org]

ASD VS ADHD

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism therapies aim to improve communication, social skills, independence, and reduce challenging behaviors. There is no “cure,” but interventions can significantly improve quality of life.

1. Behavioral Therapies

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): Gold standard; uses positive reinforcement to teach skills and reduce problematic behaviors. Includes techniques like Discrete Trial Training (DTT) and Pivotal Response Training (PRT). [cdc.gov]
TEACCH: Structured teaching approach developed at UNC; focuses on visual supports and predictable routines. [abacustherapies.com]

2. Developmental & Educational Therapies

Speech-Language Therapy: Improves communication (spoken, sign, or device-based). [cdc.gov]
Occupational Therapy: Builds daily living skills (dressing, eating, sensory integration). [my.clevela...clinic.org]
Social Skills Training: Helps with peer interaction and emotional regulation. [my.clevela...clinic.org]

3. Psychological & Complementary Approaches

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Useful for anxiety or depression in older children/adults with autism. [empowerbh.com]
Creative Therapies: Music, art, and animal-assisted therapy for emotional and social development. [keyautisms...rvices.com]

4. Pharmacological

Medications may address co-occurring issues like anxiety, irritability, or hyperactivity, but they do not treat core autism symptoms. [cdc.gov]

🦸🏽‍♀️SUPERTIP🦸🏽

For autism, early intervention and individualized plans are critical.

For ADHD, combining medication with behavioral therapy often yields the best outcomes.

Quick-Reference Guide:
Age-Specific Recommendations

Autism

Early Childhood (2–6 years):
- Intensive ABA programs
- Speech and occupational therapy
School Age:
- Social skills groups
- Structured teaching (TEACCH)
Adolescents & Adults:
- CBT for anxiety/depression
- Vocational training and life skills support